Abstract/Summary

This working paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Cambodia’s macroeconomic performance and rural development challenges during 1999–2000. It is structured in three chapters: the first outlines macroeconomic trends, highlighting a return to growth and stability following the 1997 crises, with GDP growth reaching 4.5 percent in 1999, driven by the garment sector and improved agricultural output. The second chapter focuses on rural livelihoods, examining land access, ownership, inequality, and landlessness. It reveals that while most rural households possess some land, holdings are small and unevenly distributed, with 12–15 percent landless and nearly 40 percent owning less than 0.5 hectares. The third chapter profiles landless and near-landless households, showing they are often younger, more vulnerable, and reliant on non-farm income or insecure tenancy. The study draws on multiple national surveys to assess land tenure, asset ownership, income sources, and access to credit. It concludes that land concentration, population growth, and weak land governance are key constraints to rural development. The paper underscores the need for equitable land policies, improved rural infrastructure, and diversified employment opportunities to reduce poverty and support sustainable livelihoods.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.21.200112