Working Papers   131

Exploring Insights into Vocational Skills Development and Industrial Transformation in Cambodia


Published: 25-Oct-2021
Keyword: Industrial development, TVET, vocational skills development, Cambodian labour market, upskilling and reskilling
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Abstract/Summary

This study investigates the relationship between vocational skills development (VSD) and industrial transformation in Cambodia, focusing on employers’ perspectives across the electrical and electronic (E&E), garment, and food processing sectors. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 36 managers and production heads from 18 companies, the research explores how firms perceive and utilise workforce skills in response to technological, product, and organisational changes. Findings reveal widespread skills shortages, particularly for mid- and high-level positions, and a general dissatisfaction with the quality and relevance of formal education and training. Most companies prioritise practical experience and in-house training over formal qualifications, relying heavily on internal promotion and peer learning. Transformation within firms—driven by market demands, cost reduction, and productivity goals—often depends on external technical support rather than internal expertise. While transformation can lead to upskilling, it also exposes gaps in Cambodia’s TVET system. The study recommends strengthening school-industry linkages, expanding internship and apprenticeship opportunities, and investing in structured, industry-relevant training programs. These measures aim to align workforce competencies with evolving industrial needs and support Cambodia’s broader economic development goals.


DOI: https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.131.202110




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